阅读量:
basic
指基础的,不复杂的,可以作为某事物发展的起点的,如:
I just need some basic information.
I have a basic knowledge of Polish.
elementary
比 basic 更正式,通常用来描述知识基础的,初级的,有时也暗含某个对象很基础,本不该犯错,如:
I started an elementary-level art history course.
He regularly makes elementary grammatical errors.
当讲到(某学科的)基础知识,入门时,也可以用ABC(美式英语用ABCs),如:
the ABC of gardening 园艺入门
Fundamental
基础且重要的,常用来指一些原则principles、权利 rights、变化 change、问题 problems,如:
One of the most fundamental principles of the rule of law is that one person cannot be punished for the actions of another.
rudimentary
正式用语,也用来描述知识等初步的、粗浅的,也可以用来形容身体部位(未充分发展的,原始的),设备、系统等简陋的、不先进的,如:
They have only the most rudimentary grasp of the language.
The earliest known turtle had rudimentary teeth in the roof of its mouth.
Essential
偏指某人或某物最基础、最本质的、必不可少的,如:
We have been able to determine the essential nature of a healthy diet.
essential 也可用作名词,常用复数形式,表示必不可少的东西;要点、要素等
underlying
根本的,潜在的,隐含的,如:
Unemployment may be an underlying cause of the rising crime rate.