革命的原因

　　美国人从英国独立的愿望产生了一长串关于金钱和政治控制的分歧。英国有（=地接管从国外的人）自1607年在北美的殖民地，并保持士兵由法国和西班牙，并通过*美洲原住民保卫他们免受攻击。为了筹集资金，英国*议会试图使殖民者（=人已经在美国定居）交税。

　　从1651年，英国通过了一系列法律称为导航徒，说与英国殖民者只应该交易。这些法规经常被打破，是一个持续的紧张局势的根源。针对英国，在18世纪的征税增加恶感。1764年糖法殖民者纳税糖，并于1765年在报纸和官方文件*邮票法“把税。反对强劲，次年议会不得不删除的税收。届时，人们在美国和英国都在争论谁有权殖民地征税。13个殖民地每过大会选出的代表，，和殖民者想这些组件，以决定他们应该支付什么税，而不是议会。一些殖民者称为爱国者，开始想脱离英国而独立。他们的口号是'没有缴税，没有表示“表达了自己的感受。

　　在1767年有一个在纽约的分歧有关英国是否可以请人在他们的房子给士兵的住宿。地方议会同意，但最终成为参与在与议会发生争执，谁有权决定等事宜。同年汤森法案把若干产品，包括茶税。集会拒绝收钱和议会回应它们关闭。所有这一切都引起了越来越多的人想独立。*波士顿，尤其是有许多爱国志士，包括那些称自己为自由之子*。在1770年3月5日在波士顿和英国士兵暴乱造成五人死亡。*波士顿大屠杀这件事出名。

　　茶法给一家英国公司有权以卖茶叶的殖民者，实际上降低了为合法进口茶叶价格。但大多数殖民者买便宜的茶，经走私进入该国。于1773年12月16日，在波士顿港的船到达时携带茶，一群爱国人士打扮成土著美国人去到船舶和投掷入水茶。*波士顿茶党后，作为事件后来被称为英国通过不能容忍的行为，法律，以增加她的殖民地的控制权。

　　随着越来越多的美国人开始支持革命，英国派遣更多的士兵。9月5日1774代表所有的殖民地，除了*格鲁吉亚*费城会面，自称*大陆会议（Continental Congress）。大会决定，殖民地需要自己的士兵，并同意开始训练民兵，谁能够离开他们的工作，如有必要，作为士兵。由于民兵必须做好准备，争取在短时间内，他们被称为“*”民兵“。

　　4月18日1775英国士兵开赴波士顿下乡搜索为殖民者隐藏的武器。保罗·里维尔，从波士顿爱国者，骑着提前警告，英国来的人。民兵准备，当他们和英国会见了射门听到'环游世界'被解雇。

　　革命战争

　　美国人有主场作战的优势，但英国是一个更强大的军事力量。有胜利和失败在七年战争期间，双方。

　　乔治*华盛顿领导的美国军队的首要目标是迫使英国，所谓的*红上衣，因为他们的制服颜色，离开波士顿。于1775年6月17日，英国战斗，赢得了*邦克山战役，但他们失去了这么多的士兵，他们在波士顿的地位是软弱和1776年3月，他们被迫离开。大陆会议建议，英国和美国应该做一个协议，但英国拒绝，所以，1776年7月4日，国会议员签署了“*”独立宣言“。未来的总统托马斯·杰斐逊这个文件，写，给了美国人想独立的原因。它包括的想法，而不是新的，如普通老百姓有一定的权利，政府应该尊重。由于英国国王乔治三世拒绝接受这一事实，美国人有权利和责任，形成自己的政府。

　　Later in the same year the British took control of *New York and *Rhode Island, and Washington's army moved away into *Pennsylvania. The defeats discouraged many Americans, but at Christmas, when soldiers were not expecting an attack, Washington surprised the British by taking his army across the Delaware River to Trenton, *New Jersey, and defeating the Hessians, German soldiers paid by the British to fight for them. A story often told is that, before crossing the river, Washington threw down a silver dollar, thinking that if any guards were near they would hear the noise and come. Since nobody came, he knew it was safe to attack.

　　Washington's army spent the winter at *Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. It was very cold and the new government of the United States did not have money to provide soldiers with warm clothes and food. Many became ill, and many more lost their enthusiasm for the war. But in the spring of 1777 they received help from two different sources. A German, General von Steuben, came to train the American soldiers, and the Marquis de *Lafayette brought French soldiers to fight on the American side. With this help, the Americans won a victory at *Saratoga, New York. France and also Spain supported the United States because they thought that if Britain became weaker in North America, it would also be weaker in Europe.

　　Over the next few years, neither side was strong enough to defeat the other completely. But in 1781 Washington saw a perfect opportunity to win. The British General *Cornwallis had taken his army to *Yorktown, Virginia, where he was too far away to get supplies or help. Washington marched south to meet him, while French ships made sure that the British could not receive help by sea. Cornwallis realized how bad his position was and surrendered.

　　In 1783, after a period of talks, Britain recognized the United States of America, making the US completely independent and giving it the western parts of North America.

　　Modern American attitudes to the Revolution

　　The Revolution is remembered by Americans in many ways. *Freedom, and the right of ordinary people to take part in their own government, the main reasons why Americans fought the War of Revolution, are values that almost all Americans still support strongly. The *Fourth of July, the day on which the Declaration of Independence was signed, is a national holiday, *Independence Day.

　　Places, like Boston Harbour and *Independence Hall in Philadelphia, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, are visited by millions of Americans every year. The names of people involved in the Revolution are known to everyone. George Washington's birthday is celebrated as a national holiday. John *Hancock's signature on the Declaration of Independence was the largest, so today John Hancock means 'signature'. Patrick *Henry is remembered for his speeches, especially for saying, 'Give me liberty or give me death'.

　　But if Americans remember the Revolution as a great victory, they seem to forget that the British were the enemy. The governments and people of the two countries have always had a special relationship, and for many Americans, even those whose ancestors were not British, Britain is still the 'mother country'.

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