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今天我们的主题是三文鱼。由于在北京新发地批发市场的案板上发现了新冠病毒,三文鱼便被推到了风口浪尖。
三文鱼,相信大家并不陌生,日料店里,的料理之一。可是我们对三文鱼又有多少深度了解呢?接下来,我给大家介绍一下三文鱼吧。
Salmon are members of the Salmonidae family of fishes, distinguished by their pale pink flesh, which is popular among humans.
三文鱼(Oncorhynchus),又名大马哈鱼、鲑鱼、撒蒙鱼,属硬骨鱼纲、鲑形目、鲑属,主要分布在大西洋与太平洋、北冰洋交界的水域,属于冷水性的高度洄游鱼类,被国际美食界誉为“冰海之皇”。研究表明,金枪鱼和三文鱼均肉质鲜美,营养丰富,并且富含EPA和DHA等生物活性物质。
They are anadromous fish, reproducing and hatching in fresh water but entering the sea as adults. According to folklore, salmon will return to the same locations year after year to spawn. Like their relatives the trout, these fish are very sensitive to environmental changes and are often used as an indicator species.
三文鱼是溯河产卵的鱼类,在淡水中繁殖和产卵,但是成年之后会游回海洋。根据民间故事,三文鱼每年都会回到同一地点产卵。像它们的近亲鲑鳟鱼一样,三文鱼对环境变化非常敏感,常作为指示物种。
Salmon are found in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, with a record weight of 100 pounds (45 kilograms) being recorded for one epic Atlantic salmon. Pacific fish tend to be smaller on average。
在大西洋和太平洋都可以发现三文鱼,其中一种大西洋的三文鱼可以重达100磅,约45kg。太平洋三文鱼平均相对小一些。
Salmon will travel up and down stream several times to spawn, return to sea, and repeat the process during their lifetimes.
三文鱼会在溪水中翻腾多次产卵,再回到海洋,它们的一生会多次重复这个过程。这个就是所谓的“洄游”
Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are well known for their large-scale migrations that can take them thousands of kilometers from inland freshwater systems, where they begin their lives, to rich and fertile ocean habitats for feeding. Ultimately, they return to their natal stream to reproduce, before this lifecycle is repeated by their offspring.
太平洋三文鱼因其大规模迁徙而知名,从内陆的溪水,游上成千上万千米,到达营养富饶的海中栖息地觅食。最终,又回到出生的溪水中繁殖,整个生命周期不断重复这一过程。遇到湍急的流水,则飞跃过去,真可谓是“乘风破浪的三文鱼”啊!
They have been part of the human diet for centuries, Salmon fillets are a good source of omega-3 fatty acids.
三文鱼几个世纪以来都是人类饮食的一部分,三文鱼肉片富含omega-3不饱和脂肪酸。三文鱼是是从日本传到香港的,它的英文名是Atlantic salmon,正如你所知道的“士多啤梨”其实是草莓一样,“Salmon”经浓重粤语腔发音,音译成了“三文鱼”。
野生三文鱼身上会有 “异尖线虫Anisakis”的寄生幼虫,所以吃了之后容易肚子疼,可是由于人们对三文鱼的需求量巨大,现在多数三文鱼都是养殖的。
近来,养殖鲑鱼salmon farm 的渔场对生态系统ecosystem的破坏正成为严重的环境问题。养殖鲑鱼时,如果鲑鱼长到一定程度,就要放生release。此时,养殖的鲑鱼farmed salmon就会与野生鲑鱼wild salmon 混杂在一起,前者就可能向后者传播它们无法免疫immunity的病毒或疾病。此外,两者的特征trait不同,可能发生斗争,危害生物多样性biodiversity。
目前中国每年进口的冰鲜和冷冻三文鱼约为8万吨,智利、挪威、法罗群岛、澳大利亚、加拿大等都是主要的三文鱼进口来源国,进口量逐年递增。
早前,挪威海产局市场调查显示,2019年前三季度,挪威新鲜三文鱼对华出口量涨幅高达92%。
在我们托福改革前的最后一场托福考试中,(2019.7.28)考到了人工饲养和野生三文鱼体内PCB(某致癌物)含量,所以大家一定要多积累相关的背景知识哦。
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