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SAT六大写作法则

2013-07-19 14:59 供稿单位: 新航道

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当你在写论文的时候，你通常都会随着文章的内容和框架去选择你所使用的词汇。但是如果要搭配出好的框架和词汇来，这可并不是简单的一件事情。当然你练习的越多，你对文章的框架和词汇的运用也就更会选择，也会更有信心。下面小编将会推荐六大写作法则帮助你提升效率。

法则一：多运用动词和主动语态

作为文章的编写者，你主要的任务是把你想说的用文字的方式传达给你的读者。为了达到这个目的，你可以多使用动词和主动语态来为你的文章增加生命力。

1、在文章中把一个主要的名词换成动词例；Verb to be: the use of leaf blowers before 8 am is a violation of local noise abatement laws.

Action verb: the use of leaf blowers before 8 am violates local noise abatement laws.

2、用一个动词来替代句子中的其中一个重要的名词或形容词例；Verb to be: The quarterback’s wretched performance was a disgrace to his team

Action verb: The quarterback’s wretched performance humiliated his team

3、如果你不知道该如何更改动词，可以重新整理语句形式例；Verb to be: Jamie was happy to be part of the all-star soccer team.

Action verb: Being a part of the all-star soccer team thrilled Jamie.

以上的例子已经解析了，运用动词可以是句子更具生动性，也更能吸引读者的眼球。

4、主动语态 Passive Voice: 例；the main idea for my essay was stated as the first sentence in the first paragraph.

Active Voice: I stated the main idea of my essay in the first sentence in the first paragraph.

Passive voice: money for the new recreation building was raised quickly Active voice: the recreation committee quickly raised money for the new building.

法则二：在文章中使用借词

在文章的写作中，少运用一些general words,反而多增加specific images. 什么是general words和specific images那，例如说; car 就是general words,因为车的种类有很多。而Benz SUV 就是specific images。在考试的时候，多使用specific words可以帮助把物体解释的更清楚。读者也会获得更多的信息，使他们对你的文章更方便了解。

下面，让我们通过几个例子来证明；例１；General: Tom got into his car and drove off.

Specific: Tom leaped into his SUV and roared off.

例２；General: The writer wrote a three-page critique of the painting in which he said he did not like it.

Specific: In his three-page critique, the art critic squeezed every drop of meaning- and enjoyment- out of the 3-inch by 3-inch pastel.

General words 对人物，地点，和事物的介绍都无法给读者准备的信息，所以为了更清楚的说明，把这些名词都应该换成specific words. 例３；General: An old dog came up the street.

Specific: An ancient, gray-muzzled golden retriever wandered up Bluebird Canyon Road.

例４；General: My coach illustrates the point about playing fairly.

Specific: My basketball coach, Ms Berry, illustrates the essay- ist’s point about playing fairly.

例５；General: At the end of the day, the workmen walked up the snow-covered road.

Specific: At the end of the day, the tired workmen trudged wearily up the snow-covered road.

法则三：多运用动词和主动语态

大家在写作的时候，有的同学习惯使用一些例如 ugly as sin, pretty as a picture之类的词汇。在这里，建议大家不要使用这类词汇。因为在使用这些词汇的时候，会给读者一种陈词滥调，平淡无味的感觉，更有可能使读者误会你本身的意思。尤其是在SAT写作考试当中使用。

以下列出的词汇，请大家尽量不要在写作中使用; 例１；I was shaking in my boots before the interview, but I was happy as a lark when the personnel manager offered me the job.

Improved: I was terrified before the interview, but I was ecstatic when the personnel manager offered me the job.

例２；Whether the author really believed what he wrote was the sixty-four dollar question.

Improved: whether the author really believed what he wrote was difficult to determine from the answers he gave the interviewer.

法则四：文章由始至终的使用简单的语句

在你的写作的时候，尽量的使用简单的词汇并写作易懂的语句。这样做，可以使读者更清楚的明白你的立场和你文章的目的。要记住，SAT写作不是考察你的生词量，而是在考察你是否能将你的想法通过文字的方式传递给读者。

如果想做到这点，那么作者在写作的时候，应该避免使用那些无关紧要的词汇，模糊不清的词汇，和条例不清的语句。让我们来看下面的例子；

例；To facilitate input by the maximum number of potential purchasers, questionnaires were designed and posted well in advance of the launch of the promotional marketing campaign.

Improved: Before we began advertising, we designed and mailed a marketing survey to find out what customers were looking for.

通过比较，我们可以清楚的明白，上面的句子，使用了一些不必要的词汇，而导致句子看上去繁琐难懂。下面的句子，经过编改，变得简单易懂。

法则五：避免使用俚语

SAT的写作考试，要求的是一篇有专业性的写作，而不是一篇日记或随笔。所以使用俚语不应该在SAT的考试中出现。例如，在高考的时候，考生把“我要去…”写成“俺要去…”加有地方方言的语言方式。

下面让我们通过英文的例子来说明；

例1；Brian’s mother reprimanded him for blowing his physic test.

Improved: Brian’s mother reprimanded him for failing his physic test.

同样的，考生在写作的时候，也应该尽量避免太多学术性强的语言。批卷的老师很有可能并不想你一样是个电脑高手。他或她可能只明白一些初级的电脑词汇，对于那些技术性强的词汇，可以一窍不通。下面让我们通过英文的例子来说明；

例2；Close-support, transport, and reconnaissance assistance is provided by the S-3X helicopter, which is the most cost effective in a crane configuration.

Improved: The S-3X helicopter provides support, transportation, and reconnaissance. However, the helicopter is most cost effective when it works as a crane.

法则六：合并短句,截断长句

1.合并短句可以让你的文章更连贯，读者阅读的时候思路也会更清晰。让我们通过下面的举例来学习如何合并短句。

例1， The glee club held a fund-raiser, the basketball team also held a fundraiser.

Improved sentences: The glee club and the basketball team held fundraisers (compound subject)

例2， Kareem opened the door, He invited all of us in.

Improved sentences: Kareem opened the door and invited all of us in. (compound verb)

例3， The most valuable player on the basketball team will give the graduation speech. She is the star of this year’s musical.

Improved sentences: The most valuable player on the basketball team, who is also the star of this year’s musical, will give the graduation speech (appositive)

例4， The wide receiver ran down the field. He caught the winning touchdown pass

Improved sentences: Running down the field, the wide receiver caught the winning pass (modifying phrase)

例5， The writer wanted to finish his reading. He did not want to be interrupted with questions

Improved sentences: The writer did not want to be interrupted with questions before he finished his reading. (Complex sentence)

例6， Kim, Julio, and Billy ate the casserole. Billy became ill.

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