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“五种基本句型”很多烤鸭都不陌生吧,但是你真的了解吗?下面就和小编一起看看吧。
一、“五种基础句型”
这“五种基础句型”相当于写作的基本法规,横贯雅思大小作文,纵贯国内国外学习。一句话,无论您学历多高,词汇几何,这“五种基本句型”若不了然于胸,即便敲开了留学的大门,您的留学生活也会是苦不堪言的。
下文中,是对这“五种基本句型”的详细介绍,为了方便理解,为了让句子掌握不再苦逼,我用:表示主语,表示谓语,< >表示表语,表示宾语和双宾语,( )表示宾补,[]表示状语。
1. 主语+谓语(Vi.)
(1)They benefit [physically and emotionally] from these sports activities.
他们从这些体育项目中身心收益。
(2)The function of shopping nowadays has altered substantially.
如今,购物的功能已经大大变化。
(3)Young people highly addicted to TV can grow up in a happier and healthier environment.
沉迷于电视的年轻人会在一种更加幸福、健康的环境下成长。
2. 主语+系动词+表语
(1)It is to raise their dependent aged parents.
赡养年迈的父母是他们的根本义务。
(2)Professional nursing houses can be .
专业的养老院是Z后的希望。
(3)These complaintsare .
这些抱怨对于人们来说也是存在的。
3. 主语+谓语+宾语
(1)The government should take on the greatest responsibility of elderly care.
政府应该承担赡养老人的Z大职责。
(2)Pleasure shopping can increase the likelihood of buyers' impulsive consumption.
欢乐购物会增加消费者冲动消费的可能性。
(3)Overstatement of some products denotes a false sales promotion.
夸大一些产品意味着虚假促销。
4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
(1)Playing team sports offers children more than just social benefits.
参加团队体育不仅仅给孩子们带来社交方面的好处。
(2)This has created an environment for leisure shopping.
这给欢乐购物创造了不错的环境。
(3)All these problems will sooner or later lay a heavier burden on the younger generation, the society and the government.
所有这些问题,迟早都会给年轻一代、社会和政府带来更重的压力。
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
(1)Modern shopping helps people (accomplish different tasks in one area).
现代购物有助于人们在一个地方完成多项任务。
(2)[Thanks to immense advances in science and technology,] we have added more years (to our life expectancy) [in the past century].
过去的一个世纪,由于科技的大幅进步,人类的寿命延长了好几年。
(3)The worsening environment has forced the government (to levy pollution taxes on companies.)
不断恶化的环境那个,强迫政府不得不向公司征收污染税(绿色环保税)。
二、“五种基础句型”的常见错误
是Z近的学员在写作中出现的错误,我做了不同的分类,从错误中,大家可以充分领会同学们在语言方面强大的想象力和创造力。一句话,“符合语法规则的句子都是一个状况,不符合语法规则的句子各有各的状况”。我做了分类,大家一起来领会一下吧,争取在自己的写作中少出状况。
1. 主语+谓语(Vi.)
错误:I cannot agree this opinion any more.
正确:I cannot agree with this opinion any more.
解析:agree是不及物动词Vi.,应该先加with之后,再加opinion或者人之类的宾语。
2. 主语+系动词+表语
错误:However, opponents who are against saving rare languages claim that it is an useless thing/task but a waste of money.
正确:However, opponents who are against saving rare languages claim that it is a useless thing/task and a waste of money.
解析:问题的实质在it is an useless thing中的冠词错误和thing表语太过概括,因此出现的不精确性。
3.主语+谓语+宾语
错误:...the government should make measures to save minor-spoken languages...
正确:...the government should take measures to save minor-spoken languages...
解析:错误的实质是take measures to do sth的动宾搭配问题。
4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
错误:
(1)...college teachers should pay more attention on practical courses than on traditional ones.
(2)...the college education should put emphasis on practical courses...
正确:
(1)...college teachers should pay more attention to practical courses than to traditional ones.
(2)...the college education should lay emphasis on practical courses...
解析:
这个表面上看是固定词组的错误,实质是pay attention to+间接宾语/lay emphasis on+间接宾语的问题。相信很多人会出现类似的错误。
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
错误:The development of air industry has made more and more people fly in the sky.
正确:The development of air industry has made a rising number of people travel(enabled a rising number of people to travel) to and from different places of the world.
解析:这个句子中出现如下几个问题:
1. make sb. do sth. 因为make 和have,let一样,属于“使役动词”,后面接不带to的不定式作补语;且对于一个好的现象而言,make sb. do sth.不如enable sb. to do sth.来的符合语境。
2. more and more这个短语在考官看来已经被中国的考生用滥了,注意是泛滥的滥,建议改成相对好一些的a rising number of(虽然这个短语也有被用滥的风险)。
3. people fly in the sky,在考官看来,应该会产生“很多人长着翅膀飞在空中”的美好联想,从而进一步想到“一群鸟人”,这个是汉语式的表达方式,英文中是没有的。
以上是句型句式中常见的五种句法错误。有同学可能会说,“老师,貌似写作中的错误不仅仅是这些吧,还有更多,比如名词、动词的裸用,词汇重复过多,词汇精确性,词汇等级性,时态问题,主被动问题,衔接问题,论述问题”。亲们,别急,在雅思写作学习的道路上,错,得一点点犯;分,得一步步提,对吧。
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