1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses）

 

八卦 trigram

 

阴、阳 yin, yang

 

道 Dao（cf. logo）

 

江湖（世界） the jianghu World （the traits' world）

 

e.g. You can't control everything in a traits' world. (人在江湖，身不由己)

 

道 Daoism（Taoism）

 

上火 excessive internal heat

 

儒学 Confucianism

 

红学（《红楼梦》研究） redology

 

世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia

 

开放 kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world）

 

大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done

 

伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded

 

不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on...

 

合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people

 

乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge

 

铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post's; guaranteed leading post

 

脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty

 

治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline

 

2 、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial）

 

国庆节 National Day

 

中秋节 Mia-Autumn Festival

 

春节 Spring Festival

 

元宵节 Lantern Festival

 

儿童节 Children's Day

 

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival

 

妇女节 Women's Day

 

泼水节 Water-Splashing Day

 

教师节 Teachers' Day

 

五四青年节 Youth Day

 

3、中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods）

 

馄饨 wonton

 

锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)

 

花卷 steamed twisted rolls

 

套餐 set meal

 

盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away

 

米豆腐 rice tofu

 

魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

 

米粉 rice noodles

 

冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples, etc.)

 

火锅 chafing dish

 

八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding

 

粉丝 glass noodles

 

豆腐脑 jellied bean curd

 

4 、中国新兴事物（Newly Sprouted Things）

 

中国电信 China Telecom

 

中国移动 China Mobile

 

十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan

 

中国电脑联网 Chinanet

 

三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project

 

希望工程 Project Hope

 

京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway

 

扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project

 

菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project

 

温饱工程 Decent-Life Project

 

安居工程 Economy Housing Project

 

扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign

 

西部大开发 Go-West Campaign

 

5 、特有的一些汉语词汇

 

禅宗 Zen Buddhism

 

禅 dhyana; dhgaya

 

混沌 chaos

 

道 Daosim, the way and its power

 

四谛 Four Noble Truth

 

八正道 Eightfold Path

 

无常 anity

 

五行说 Theory of Five Elements

 

无我 anatman

 

坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation

 

空 sunyata

 

虚无 nothingness

 

双喜 double happiness(中), a doubled stroke of luck(英)

 

小品 witty skits

 

相声 cross-talk

 

噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt

 

夜猫子 night people; night-owls

 

本命年 this animal year of sb.

 

处世之道 philosophy of life

 

姻缘 yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage）

 

还愿 redeem a wish (vows)

 

6 、具有文化特色的现代表述

 

大陆中国 Mainland China

 

红宝书 little red book

 

红色中国 socialist China

 

四化 Four Modernizations

 

终生职业 job-for-life

 

铁饭碗 iron rice bowl

 

大锅饭 communal pot

 

关系户 closely-related units

 

外出打工人员 migrant workers

 

关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

 

五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：

 

       the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

 

四美（心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美）：

 

       the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

 

7 、中国古代独特事物（Unique Ancient Chinese Items）

 

宣纸 rice paper

 

衙门 yamen

 

叩头 kowtow

 

孔子Confucius

 

牌楼 pailou；pai-loo

 

武术 wushu (Chinese Martial Arts)

 

功夫 kungfu; kung fu

 

中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)

 

中和 harmony (zhonghe)

 

孝顺 to show filial obedience

 

孝子 dutiful son

 

家长 family head

 

三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲

 

    three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

 

五常：仁、义、理、智、信

 

    five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

 

八股文 eight-legged essays

 

多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness

 

养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age

 

8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译

 

基层监督 grass-roots supervision

 

基础税率 base tariff level

 

婚介所 matrimonial agency

 

婚外恋 extramarital love

 

婚纱摄影 bride photo

 

黑心棉 shoddy cotton

 

机器阅卷 machine scoring

 

即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

 

集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development

 

价格听证会 public price hearings

 

甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team

 

家政服务 household management service

 

加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

 

假帐 accounting fraud

 

叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel

 

矫情 use lame arguments

 

渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence

 

借调 temporarily transfer

 

扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.

 

扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption