“Think before you speak” is always a good policy -- and at work it's even more important. Saying the wrong thing to your boss can do serious damage to your career -- and some of the things bosses don't like to hear may surprise you. We checked in with some managers and came up with this list of nine phrases they strongly dislike -- and we'll tell you what you should say instead:
“三思而后行”总是没错的，在工作中这一点尤为重要。对上司说错话会给你的职业生涯造成严重的损失，一些上司不喜欢听到的话可能会让你大吃一惊。我们探究了一些经理人，总结出了如下他们最反感的9句话，并提供了恰当的替代语：
1. I need a raise.
我要加薪。
Never enter salary negotiations talking about what you need -- because of rising costs or a new expense, for instance. Your employer doesn't care about your financial problems. However, management probably does want to reward success and keep high-performing employees satisfied. A raise request should always be supported by evidence of what you've achieved for the company -- along with information about what people with your responsibilities typically earn.
永远不要在谈判薪水的时候谈论你的需要，比方说因为支出增长或者有某项新的开支。你的雇主不会关心你的经济问题，但管理层可能想要对成功的表现予以奖励并不断满足高效的员工。应该要以你对公司所做的业绩以及同行业代表性收入的信息作依据，来提出合理的加薪要求。
2. That just isn’t possible.
那不可能。
Always speak to your boss in terms of what can be done. For instance, rather than saying “We can’t get this done by Friday,” say “We could definitely get this done by Monday, or if we brought in some freelance help, we could meet the Friday deadline.” When you talk to your boss, think in terms of solving problems for her, not in terms of putting problems on her plate.
总是要对上司说你能做到的事情。例如，不要说“周五之前我们无法完成这项任务”，而应说“我们肯定会在下周一之前完成，或者如果我们能找些兼职帮忙，我们就能在周五之前完成。” 当你对上司说话的时候，要以为她解决问题为目的来思考，而不是给她制造问题。
3. I can’t stand working with ____.
我不能忍受和某某一起工作。
Complaining about a coworker's personality usually reflects more poorly on you than on the coworker. Don’t make these kinds of conflicts your boss’s problem. Of course, management is interested in problems that jeopardize the company's ability to function. If you have to speak to HR about a problem such as a colleague's threatening, illegal or unethical behavior, keep your tone professional and the focus on work -- not personal issues.
抱怨某位同事的性格通常反映出你的性格比他更差劲。不要让这类冲突成为上司的问题。当然，管理层对于妨碍公司运作能力的问题是感兴趣的。如果你不得不跟人力资源部门大胆说出某位同事威胁他人、违法或者违反职业道德的行为，那么让你的语气更职业一些，把焦点放在工作上，而非个人问题。
4. I partied too hard last night -- I'm so hung over!
昨晚的聚会太high了，我还没醒酒呢！
Buck up and get through the day with some ibuprofen, extra undereye concealer and coffee. But don’t share the sordid details of your night on the town with your boss. Even if you have a friendly relationship, he’s just as likely to react with (unspoken) disdain as sympathy. Maintaining a solid veneer of professionalism will pay off when it's time to discuss promotions.
打起精神，吃点布洛芬、多用点眼部遮瑕霜、喝点咖啡来熬过这吧。但是不要跟你的上司分享你在城里寻欢作乐的龌龊细节。即便你们的关系很友好，他也只不过可能会做出（未说出口的）轻视的反应来同情你。外表保持职业化会在谈论晋升的时候有帮助。
5. But I emailed you about that last week.
但是我上周因为此事给你发过邮件了。
Alerting your boss to a problem via email doesn't absolve you of all responsibility for it. Bosses hate the "out of my outbox, out of my mind" attitude. Keep tabs on all critical issues you know about -- and keep checking in until you hear a firm "You don't need to worry about that anymore."
用发电子邮件的方式提醒上司某个问题并不会免除你对此事的所有责任。上司们厌恶这种“邮件发出，心不再烦”的态度。密切关注你所了解的所有关键问题，不断核查这些问题，直到你听到上司肯定地说“你不需要再为此事烦恼了”。
6. It’s not my fault.
这不是我的错。
Are you a whiny 8-year-old or a take-charge professional? Assume responsibility and take steps to fix a problem that you did, in fact, create. And if you are being wrongly blamed for a problem, saying “Let’s get to the bottom of this” or “What can we do to make it right?” is much more effective than saying “It’s not my fault.”
你是一个爱抱怨的8岁孩童还是一个负责任的专业人士？承担责任，采取措施来解决你要处理的（事实上是你所产生的）问题。如果因某个问题得到误解受到了责备，那么要说：“让我们来弄清真相” 或者 “我们要怎么做才能把它做好？”，这比说 “这不是我的错” 要有效得多。
7. I don't know.
我不知道。
If your boss asks you a question you can’t answer, the correct response is not "I don't know." It's "I'll find out right away."
如果上司问了一个你无法回答的问题，正确的反应不是“我不知道”，而是“我马上落实一下。”
8. But we've always done it this way.
但是我们之前一直是这样做的。
You may find yourself with a new boss who wants to try new things -- and the best way to present yourself as a workplace relic is to meet change with a "we do it this way because this is the way we do it" attitude. When a brainstorming session takes place, be part of it and stay open to new ideas. If you have concerns about a new idea's feasibility, say "I think for this to work, we will have to…" Don't kill new ideas with negativity.
你可能会发现自己的新上司想要有些新的尝试，要将自己表现为一个员工，的方法就是用一种 “我们这样做是因为这是我们的做事方式” 的态度来应对改变。当参加头脑风暴会议时，要参与其中并接受新想法。如果你担心一个新想法的可行性，要说：“我认为要做到这一点，我们必须……”。不要全盘否定来扼杀新想法。
9. Let me set you up with...
让我为你跟某某牵根线……
Avoid the urge to play matchmaker for your single boss. The potential risk far outweighs any potential benefit. In modern workplaces, hierarchical structures are often less rigid. Smart workers will draw the line at "oversharing" -- definitely something to keep in mind if you're connecting to your company's managers on social networks like Facebook.
避免为你的单身上司牵线搭桥的冲动。此事潜在的危险远远超过了任何潜在的好处。在现代化的工作场所，分级结构常常不那么严格。聪明的员工会拒绝“过度分享”。如果你跟公司里的经理们在Facebook那样的社交网络上有所联系，那么这一点一定要铭记于心。

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