阅读量:
Rethinking the Reach of AIDS
By Donald G. Mcnei Jr.
Ignore the fuss over the news last week: that the United Nations’ AIDS-fighting agency had admitted to overestimating the global epidemic by 6 million people. That was a sampling error.
Look instead at the fact that glares out from the Orwellian but necessary revision of the fgures for earlier years. There it is: AIDS has peaked.
New infect ions reached a high point in the late 1990s—by the best estimate, in 1998.
There must have been such moments in the past—perhaps 543 AD, when Constantinople realized it would survive the Plague of Justinian, or 1351 in medieval Europe, when hope dawned that the Black Death would not claw down everyone.
A milestone moment in AIDS history came 11 years ago when Andrew Sullivan wrote an article in The New York Times magazine titled “When Plagues End”. It argued that a new treatment, the triple therapy cocktail, meant it was fnally possible to envision AIDS as a chronic illness, not an inevitable death sentence.
Naturally, he was, in his words, “flayed alive” by the AIDS establishment. An end in sight implied that vigilance could relax, although he hadn’t actually argued that.
Now, another such moment has emerged, one for the worldwide stage.
The first thing that experts are again quick to say is that it doesn’t mean anyone can relax. More than 3 million annual new infections in 1998, or an estimated 2.5 million for 2007, “is not a particularly happy plateau,” said Dr.Robert Gallo, a discoverer of the AIDS virus.
Mark Dybul, the Bush administration’s global AIDS coordinator, added, “I don’t think it radically shifts our thinking, at least not for 5 to 10 years. We still need to prevent 2.5 million infections; we still need to prevent 2.1million a year from dying.”
Nevertheless the disease is at last giving notice that it will behave like other pestilences.
AIDS has always been maddening. It moves more slowly than anything that rides sneezes or coughs or rats or mosquitoes. It permits years of symptom-free infectivity and kills, at its leisure.
Nothing yet kills AIDS. When that day comes, it will be another rewrite of the epidemic’s.
关于艾滋病的反思
小唐纳德•麦克尼尔
虽然联合国艾滋病防治署已经公开承认上周公布的全球有 600 万人感染艾滋病这个数字高于实际感染人数,但是我们不必对此大惊小怪,因为那只是一个小的抽样失误而已。
我们可以不提英国作家乔治 • 奥威尔笔下的受严格统治而失去人性的社会中出现的残酷现实,但有必要先来修正一下前几年的数据。这就是:艾滋病患病人数已达到顶峰。
据 1998 年的最精确统计:20 世纪 90 年代末感染艾滋病的人数创下了历史新高。
在过去肯定也有过这样的时候。如:公元 543 年君士坦丁堡爆发了查士丁尼瘟疫,但这场瘟疫中依然有人幸存。1351 年欧洲爆发了黑死病,但并非人人都逃不过它的魔爪。
11 年前,安德鲁 • 苏利文在纽约时报上刊登了一篇题为《瘟疫何时结束》的文章。文中提到一种新的鸡尾酒疗法会给人们带来巨大的希望,因为它,艾滋病可能成为慢性病的一种而不是无法逃避的死亡宣判。这是艾滋病历史上的一个里程碑。
很自然,用安德鲁 • 苏利文自己的话说,他会被艾滋病机构“严厉批判” 。即使他本人并没有明确声明这个目标离我们不远,但公众也会因此放松警惕。
今天,这样的时刻又一次来临了,而且是在世界范围内上演。
导师们向媒体做出的反应便是这并不意味着任何人都可以因此放松。1998 年新感染人数超过 300 万,而到 2007 年估计会有 250 万。 “这种看似稳定的状况,并不令人乐观, ”艾滋病毒的发现者之一罗伯特• 盖洛说。
美国布什政府的新任全球艾滋病问题协调官马克 • 戴布尔补充说, “我认为它不会从根本上改变我们的想法,至少 5 到 10 年内不会。我们还需要阻止 250 万人感染,还需要避免每年 210 万人死于艾滋病。 ”
不管怎么样,这个疾病与其它的瘟疫不会有什么两样。
艾滋病一直都在疯狂地传播着。它比其他通过打喷嚏、咳嗽、老鼠或蚊子传播的疾病感染过程慢,并带有多年的潜伏期,然后会让人慢慢走向死亡。
现在,人类还无法治愈艾滋病。但总有我们会征服它,到那时流行疾病的历史一定会被改写。
——选自《我爱读英文》