11. Before scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly in small amounts from the pituitary glands of human cadavers.
A. scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly
B. scientists had learned about making a synthetic growth hormone, they had to remove it painstakingly
C. scientist learned how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed
D. learning how to make a synthetic growth hormone, scientists had to remove it painstakingly
E. Learning how to synthesize the growth hormone, it have to be painstakingly removed by scientists
A: make a synthetic不如直接用动词synthesizeTo be efficient；后半句不是完整句，主从句关系不成立
B: before加过去完成时没有道理，learn这个动作实际应该在主句动词时间之后
C: correct
D: 从原句逻辑上看，句意中的hormone并不是被同一群科学家使用，而是表述了一种历史事件之后，hormone就可以被后来的所有人怎样怎样了，所以D从逻辑上有问题。
E: learning的逻辑主语不是hormone
注意：
1、 此题很难，要从逻辑上判断意思，以后遇到主动、被动时态的考点，一定要区分清楚施加对象和被施加对象的合理逻辑关系。什么时候用被动？当找不到主动动作发出者时，一定用被动！
2、 还有Before介词+doing，和让步状语从句的省略+doing的区别，When/while（时间）/if/unless（条件）/even though/even if/although（即使）/once＋名词/形容词/完整句
12. The success of the program to eradicate smallpox has stimulated experts to
pursue what they had not previously considered possible -- better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such as measles and yaws.
A. what they had not previously considered possible -- better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such as
B. what they had not previously considered a possibility -- better control, if not
eradication, of such infections like
C. something they had not previously considered possible -- better control, if not
eradication, of such infections as
D. something not considered a previous possibility -- better control and perhaps
eradication, of other infections such as
E. the possibility of what they had not previously considered possible -- better
control and possibly eradication of infections like
A: GMAC的偏好，如果能用名词替代一个名词性从句，优先选名词，比如something, probability, likelihood等；the other结构不完整
B: such like
C: correct
D: possibility 不如用形容词更贴切; and perhaps eradication改变了原文意思；other用的不对
E: the possibility of what 用法不对，用that更好，此外和possible重复
注意：
one… the other 只有两个
some… the others 有三个以上
one… another，another…
some… others，others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest 剩余的全部
13 A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996 revealed that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea surface temperatures during the same period.
a) that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing
b) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a result of an increase in
c) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly as a result of increasing
d) creatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly resulting from an increase in
e) creatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which possibly resulted from increasing
A: from + doing不够准确表达句子意思；increasing sea surface temperatures这里表示的是过程，实际要求表现的是结果
B: correct
C: because of + 名词，没有准确表达句子意思
D: revealed一种动物，而不是revealed一种状况，改变了句意
E: which不能用来表示结果状语
注意：1、介词+分词结构和because从句一起出现时，一般正确答案是because从句(by doing例外)
2、当表示过程的分词和表示结果状态的名词一起出现时，一般根据句意都是选择表示结果的得名词而不是分词。
3、表示目的的结构，“，分词”、“，名词”、“，with/as a result of”都可以
4、主句动词+宾语从句结构，如果把宾语从句的主语变成主句动词的宾语然后加定语从句的方式，是一种错误标志。
14 The largest trade-book publisher in the US has announced the creation of a new digital imprint division, under which it will publish about 20 purely digital works to be sold online as either electronic books or downloadable copies that can be printed upon purchase.
A) works to be sold online as either electronic books or
B) works to sell them online, either as electronic books or
C) works and it will sell them online as either electronic books or as
D) works, and selling them online as either electronic books or as
E) works, and it will sell them online as either electronic books or
A: correct，to be sold表示有将要的意思
B: to sell them逻辑混乱，either as…or不平行
C: sell动作的发出者不是imprint division；either … or
D: and selling和前面没有平行；either … or
E: sell动作的发出者不是imprint division
注意：
1、 works to be done，不定式做定语修饰前面的名词是正确答案，简洁有效
类似还可以用不定式做定语修饰的名词有：
way, ability, power, tendency, capacity, reason, chance, time, method, attempt, opportunity, thing, work, property
2、 第二次出现主动、被动语态的逻辑主语选择问题，需要判断句意进行选择
15. Recently documented examples of neurogenesis（神经形成）, the production of new brain cells, include the brain growing in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or neurons increasing in canaries that learn new songs.
A. the brain growing in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or neurons increasing in canaries that
B. mice whose brains grow when they are placed in a stimulating environment or canaries whose neurons increase when they
C. mice's brains that grow when they are placed in a stimulating environment or canaries' neurons that increase when they
D. the brain growth in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or the increase in canaries' neurons when they
E. brain growth in mice that are placed in a stimulating environment or an increase in neurons in canaries that
A: when placed的逻辑主语是production而不是邻近的mice，句意错；动名词growing和increasing应该改成名词growth，increase
B: they指代不明，可以指代brains或mice；第二个they和个they不是一个对象
C: they指代brains不对；第二个they和个they不是一个对象
D: when placed的逻辑主语是production而不是邻近的mice，句意错；
E: correct
注意：句意理解清楚才能选出答案，而不能仅依赖语法结构的形式平行
