SAT文法知识系列栏目说明：每期分享3-5个文法知识点，帮助大家更好地备考SAT。
一、简洁
1. 含义：
语法规则表达准确，并且句子结构表达简洁。
2. 类型：
(1) 简洁题 - 有效的书写规则2
3. 用法
(1) 表原因用because最简洁, because和why等因果词，在一句内不重复。
例句1: The reason why he left college was that his health became impaired.
例句2: He left college because his health became impaired.
解析：例句1和2表示内容一致，但例句1中有reason, why语义重复，而例句2的because表示最简洁。
例句3: The only reason why she did not divorce him after his affair was because of their daughter.
例句4: She did not divorce him after his affair only because of their daughter.
解析：例句1和2表示内容一致，但例句1中有reason, why和because of语义重复，而例句2的because of表示最简洁。
(2) 插入语中who be, which be不选。
例句1: His brother, who had been a member of the same firm for three years, quit last year.
例句2: His brother, a member of the same firm for three years, quit last year.
解析：例句1和2表示内容一致，但例句1中有用了who had been从句的形式，而例句2用了a member of短语的形式，故例句2更简洁。
(3) 含有being, having不选。
例句1: Being a Sunday, I didn’t get up until 10am.
例句2: I didn’t get up until 10am because it was Sunday.
解析：例句1和2表示内容一致，都表示由于周天10点才起床，但例句1没有明确因果关系，例句2用because明确因果关系，故例句2更优先。
例句3: Our work having been done, we left school early.
例句4: We left school early because our work had been done.
解析：例句1和2表示内容一致，都表示我们早离校是因为我们已经完成了任务，但例句1没有明确因果关系，例句2用because明确因果关系，故例句2更优先。
题目检测
题目检测 1
The chestnut, like the oak, is called an immortal tree, the reason is that the truck and roots remain alive even after the tree has been felled.
A. NO CHANGE
B. tree, which has a truck and roots that are remaining
C. tree, the truck of which and the roots remain
D. tree because its truck and roots remain
解析：通过长短选项看出是简洁的考点，根据“表原因用because最简洁”的原则，排除含有the reason的A项；又B和C表述不如D项的because清楚，所以选D。
题目检测 2
Much of the upswing in American energy production is due to the reason of the exploration of oil and natural gas in formations made up of shale rock。
A. NO CHANGE
B. is because of the reason of
C. is due to 
D. being the result of the fact that it's because of
解析：通过长短选项看出是简洁的考点，根据“表原因用because最简洁, because和why等因果词，在一句内不重复”的原则，A项due to与the reason of、B项because of与the reason of、D项the result of与because of均存在重复现象，故排除，所以选C。
题目检测 3
Predictive power can be illustrated by examining the work of Albert Einstein, who was born in Germany, conducted much of his scientific work in the United States after he immigrated in 1933. 
A. NO CHANGE
B. Albert Einstein, who is born in Germany, conducted 
C. Albert Einstein, was born in Germany, conducted
D. Albert Einstein, born in Germany, conducted
解析：通过长短选项看出是简洁的考点，根据“插入语中who be, which be不选”的原则，排除含有who was的 A和who is的B项；而C项was born句子结构不完整，故排除；而D项是最简洁形式，且语法表达准确，所以选D。
题目检测 4
On the inner surface, this organ is lined with specialized cells arranged into finger-like “villi” and circular “plicae” that facilitate the transfer of important nutrients being transported into the bloodstream.
A. NO CHANGE
B. transfer of important nutrients 
C. transfer of important, crucial nutrients 
D. transfer into the bloodstream of important nutrients 
解析：通过长短选项看出是简洁的考点，根据“含有being, having不选”的原则，可以排除含有being的A项；而C项的important与crucial都表示重要的意思，故排除；而D项的bloodstream与原文重复，故排除；所以选B。