阅读量:
坐车玩手机,开会玩手机,吃饭玩手机,睡觉也玩手机,生活中许多人时时处处都在玩手机。
用手机上网和用电脑上网所产生的行为基本相同,例如看小说、浏览资讯、玩游戏、看视频等。
成瘾从有无物质的介入来划分,可以分为物质成瘾和行为成瘾。手机上瘾和上网成瘾从本质来看,都是一种行为成瘾。
马上放假了,好多人又要迎来与手机长时间相伴的日子了。今天,我们一起来读一下《纽约时报》的这篇文章:
1
When is enough enough?
什么时候才算是个头?
Even though the presidential election is over, we’re still doomscrolling through gloomy news about the coronavirus surge.
The rest of your daily routine is probably something like mine while stuck at home in the pandemic: Divided among streaming movies on Netflix, watching home improvement videos on YouTube and playing video games. All of these activities involve staring at a screen.
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虽然总统大选已经结束,但我们仍然不断看到新冠病毒激增的悲观新闻。
在因为疫情肆虐而困在家的情况下,你的其他日常可能跟我的差不多:不是在网飞(Netflix)上看片子,在YouTube上看家庭装修视频,就是打电子游戏。所有这些活动,都需要盯着屏幕。
Doomscrolling的用法:这个词也多写作doomsurfing,表示the act of consuming an endless procession of negative online news, to the detriment of the scroller's mental wellness,在手机上一屏一屏地刷令人沮丧的坏消息。
例句:Doomscrolling is slowly eroding your mental health
在手机上一屏一屏地刷令人沮丧的坏消息正在慢慢侵蚀你的精神健康。
学习divide的用法:首先大家要注意,这里的divided的逻辑主语是The rest of your daily routine。这里divide的用法是作及物动词,表示if you divide your time, energy etc between different activities or places, you spend part of your time doing each activity or in each place,分配(时间、精力),常用搭配为divide something between something/somebody.
例:She divides her time between New York and Paris.
她一部分时间在纽约,一部分时间在巴黎。
2
There has to be more to life than this. With the holiday season upon us, now is a good time to take a breather and consider a digital detox.
生活一定有更为丰富的内容。随着假期季的来临,现在是休息一下,考虑数字排毒的好时机。
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No, that doesn’t mean quitting the internet cold turkey. No one would expect that from us right now. Think of it as going on a diet and replacing bad habits with healthier ones to give our weary eyes some much needed downtime from tech.
不不不,不是说要你一下子戒掉互联网。我们不会出这样的馊主意。就把它想象为节食,用健康的习惯取代坏习惯,让我们疲惫的双目暂时远离科技产品,获得一些亟需的休息时间。
学习have/take a breather的用法。这个词作非正式用法,表示to stop what you are doing for a short time in order to rest, especially when you are exercising,(尤指锻炼时)休息一下、喘一口气。
例句:Relax and takeabreather whenever you feel that you need one.
要放松,什么时候觉得需要休息就休息一下。
学习cold turkey的用法。这个短语表示an unpleasant physical condition suffered by people who stop taking a drug that they are addicted to,突然戒毒时的不适。
例句:Lydia tried to smoke only one cigarette a week, but she ended up going back to her old habits. She decided to try out going cold turkey.
Lydia尝试每周只抽一支烟,但她想戒掉这个旧习惯,决定快刀斩乱麻再也不碰了。
3。
“There’s lots of great things to do online, but moderation is often the best rule for life, and it’s no different when it comes to screens,” said Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University and the author of “iGen,” a book about younger generations growing up in the smartphone era.
“在网上有很多有意思的事情可以做,但节制往往是人生最重要的规则,涉及屏幕也是如此,”圣地亚哥州立大学(San Diego State University)心理学教授、关于手机时代长大的年轻一代的《iGen》一书的作者简·特温杰(Jean Twenger)说道。
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Too much screen time can take a toll on our mental health, depriving us of sleep and more productive tasks, experts said. I, for one, am experiencing this. Before the pandemic, my average daily screen time on my phone was three and a half hours. Over the last eight months, that has nearly doubled..
专家表示,长时间盯着屏幕会损害我们的心理健康,影响睡眠和工作。就自己来说,我正面临这种状况。在这次大流行病之前,我每天使用手机的时间是三个半小时。在过去八个月,这个数字几乎翻了一番。
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So I turned to psychology experts for their advice. From setting limits to finding alternatives to being glued to our phones, here’s what we can do.于是,我向心理学专家寻求建议。从设置限制到寻找沉迷手机的替代方案,以下是我们可以做的事情。
第1,学习toll的熟词僻义。这个词作可数名词,表示a very bad effect that something has on something or someone over a long period of time,严重的不良影响。
例句:Years of smoking have taken their toll on his health. 多年吸烟已严重损害他的健康。
学习turn to somebody/something的用法。这个动词短语可表示to try to get help, advice, or sympathy from someone,求助于、求教于。
例句:The Namibian government turned to South Africa for help. 纳米比亚政府向南非求援。
4
Come Up With a Plan
制定计划
Not all screen time is bad — after all, many students are attending school via videoconferencing apps. So Step One is assessing which parts of screen time feel toxic and make you unhappy. That could be reading the news or scrolling through Twitter and Facebook. Step Two is creating a realistic plan to minimize consumption of the bad stuff.
并非所有对着屏幕的时间都是不好的——毕竟,许多学生现在是通过视频会议应用来上课。所以,第1步是评估屏幕使用时间中哪些部分是有害、让你不开心的。这有可能是网上浏览新闻,或者刷社交媒体。第二步,就是制定切合实际的计划,减少用于不良部分的时间。
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You could set modest goals,such as a time limit of 20 minutes a day for reading news on weekends. If that feels doable, shorten the time limit and make it a daily goal. Repetition will help you form new habits.
目标不用订得太高,比如在周末的时候,每天最多就拿出20分钟看看新闻。如果感觉可行,就缩短时间限制,让它成为每天的目标。反复这么做会帮助你养成新的习惯。
学习modest的用法。这个词作形容词,表示not very great, big, or expensive,不太大的、不很贵的,
例句:The new service proved a modest success.
她攒了小小的一笔钱。
5
Most important, treat screen time as if it were a piece of candy that you occasionally allow yourself to indulge. Don’t think of it as taking a break as that may do the opposite of relaxing you.
最重要的是,把看屏幕的时间当作一块偶尔纵容自己的糖果。不要把它当成休息,因为这可能会起到相反的作用。
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“Not all breaks are created equal,” Dr. Gazzaley said. “If you take a break and go into social media or a news program, it can get hard to get out of that rabbit hole.”
“并不是所有休息都有一样的效果,”加扎利说。“如果你休息的时候扎进社交媒体或新闻节目,就很难爬出那个兔子洞了。”
学习indulge的用法:这个词作及物或不及物动词,表示to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy, especially something that is considered bad for you,(使自己)沉溺于、沉湎(于)。
例句:Most of us were too busy to indulge in heavy lunchtime drinking. 我们大多数人都忙得不能再午饭时尽情饮酒。
学习rabbit hole的用法:这个短语来自于《爱丽丝漫游仙境》,引申表示used to refer to a bizarre, confusing, or nonsensical situation or environment, typically one from which it is difficult to extricate oneself,(让人越陷越深、无法脱身的)奇怪、混乱局面。
文章剩余部分这样写道:
1创造无手机区域
我们需要整夜给手机充电,但这并不意味着我们睡觉时手机必须在身旁。据特温杰说,许多研究表明,卧室里放手机的人睡眠质量更差。
智能手机在很多方面对我们的睡眠有害。屏幕发出的蓝光会让我们的大脑误以为身处白天,而我们摄入的一些内容——特别是新闻——可能会对心理产生刺激,让我们睡不着觉。
所以,最好不要在睡前一小时看手机。更重要的是,与手机的亲密距离可能会诱使你半夜醒来时查看它。
“我的第1条建议是晚上卧室里不要放手机——这对成人和青少年都适用,”特温杰说。“卧室外要有个充电的地方。”
在我们的卧室之外,也可以创造其他无电话区域。例如,餐桌就是一家人同意把手机放到一边至少30分钟,重新与彼此交流的比较好机会。
2抵抗诱惑
为了让我们紧紧盯住屏幕,科技产品设计了许多机制。比如Facebook和Twitter设置了时间轴,让你可以无限滚动浏览更新,将你花在他们网站上的时间化。
纽约大学斯特恩商学院(New York University’s Stern School of Business)营销教授、《不可抗拒:成瘾科技的兴起和让我们欲罢不能的生意》(Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked)一书的作者亚当·阿尔塔(Adam Alter)表示,科技公司采取了行为心理学中的技巧,让我们对其产品上瘾。
他着重指出了两大诱惑:
•人为目标。与电子游戏类似,社交媒体网站也会设定目标以保持用户粘性。这包括我们在Facebook或Twitter上获得的点赞数和关注数。问题在哪?这些目标永远都不会实现。
•无间断媒体。YouTube会自动播放下一个推荐视频,更不用说无休止的Facebook和Twitter滚动。“以前任何体验都有一个自然的终止,”就像读完书的最后一页,他说。“科技公司成就的最重要的事之一,就是消除了终止提示。”
那怎么办呢?首先,我们可以通过降低手机的打扰来抵御这些诱惑。除了工作上必不可少的以外,关闭所有应用通知,并多与你关心的人保持联系。阿尔塔说,如果你严重上瘾,就得采取极端措施,将手机调至灰阶模式。
还有一个更简单的做法。我们可以提醒自己,在工作之外,我们在网上做的很多事情并不重要,把时间花在其他地方更好。
“获得10个赞和20个赞之间的区别,都是毫无意义的,”阿尔塔说。
外刊文章来源:11月25日,纽约时报,It’s Time for a Digital Detox. (You Know You Need It.) ;外刊看世界