一、并列结构的使用

 

通过对官方范文的研究发现，考生在用并列结构提高句型档次的时候可以从以下几个层面入手：

 

1. 名词并列: n1，n2，n3，…

 

这种并列又可以具体通过以下2种结构实现：

 

a). A，B，C，… and other Xs

 

b). X，such Y as A，B，C，…

 

i. Reading，writing，listening and other academic subjects could be learned from books，or primarily from books.

 

ii. Some knowledge，such academic subjects as reading，writing，listening，could be learned from books，or primarily from books.

 

iii. It is of great importance for people to read imaginative literature，such as poetry，novels or mythology.

 

iv. It is of great importance for people to read novels and other types of imaginative literature such as poetry and mythology.

 

2. 名词性成分并列: n. + what/how/whether/if…

 

这种并列又可以具体通过以下2种结构实现：

 

a). what=something that

 

b). how=the way/manner in which

 

i. Most parents educate their children merely by instinct rather than proper pedagogy，and usually do not care about their relationship with children and how much neglect influences the future development of their children.

 

ii. Most students are eager to obtain knowledge，but they lack the sense of what is good，or what is necessary and how much a deficiency in the concept of viewing the situation as a whole would mislead them.

 

iii. My fellow Americans，ask not what your country can do for you，ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizen of the world，ask not what American will do for you，but what together we can do for the freedom of man. (John Kennedy)

 

3. 形容词成分并列:

 

a). a1 and a2+n

 

b). a1+yet/but+a2+n

 

c). a1，a2+n+that…

 

d). a1，a2，so a3 that/as to…

 

i. a small town à a small and peaceful town

 

a good teacher à a good and very impressive teacher

 

a stupid decision à a stupid and incorrigible decision

 

ii. a simple yet effective method

 

a direct and simple yet magically effective method

 

an irrational yet understandable decision

 

a fair and balance，yet undesirable decision

 

an obvious yet not the most significant reason

 

iii. Most students can hardly stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normally continue at least several quarters without giving any essential information.

 

iv. The impact that technology has had on our daily life and society in general，is undeniable. It will become even greater as computers get faster，smaller，smarter，and so inexpensive that virtually everyone will be able to own one.

 

v. A class led by a lethargic teacher could be extremely dull，and so boring that drives everybody in the class into sleep.

 

vi. Learning in essence is a process that is time-consuming，painstaking， and so hard that virtually only persistent few can finally have a sense of real achievement.

 

4. 副词成分并列:

 

a). ad1 and ad2+n

 

b). ad1+yet/but+ad2+n

 

c). ad1，ad2+prep…

 

d). ad1，ad2，so ad3 that/as to…

 

i. A conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully， intelligently，and with the full consideration of all possible aspects concerning the subject.

 

ii. Apart from energizing the athletes, physical strength helps them plough into the games enthusiastically and with confidence and even act as a deterrent force to their rivals to some extent.

5. 动词并列:

 

a). …v1，v2+ing，v3+ing…

 

b). s1+v1+ing，s2+v2…

 

i. An absent-minded teacher lacks drive to make class intensely focused， often preparing nothing in advance，wandering among random topics， thus wasting and killing times of industrial students.

 

ii. As a result of this, food dealers have made huge profit from it, thereby promoting the sector as well as creating more jobs.

 

6. 句子并列:

 

a). …, and therefore/thus/consequently

 

b). not only/simply/merely…but also/…as well/even…

 

c). neither…nor

 

d). not that…but that…

 

e). that引导的宾语从句

 

f). that引导的定语从句

 

g). that引导的主语从句

 

i. Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are therefore the major source from which people obtain knowledge.

 

ii. Chinese children unfortunately have few rights to make their own decisions, and consequently often have to do things that they do not enjoy doing at all.

 

iii. Modern vehicles have extended the range of people’s activity, and thus made much more goods available to local markets.

 

iv. Computers have not only brought convenience, but they have also made people learn more.

 

v. Not that emails or telephones have made people less personal, but that people themselves have become less personal. One of several possible reasons is that people usually lack of adequate communicating skills.

 

vi. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds.

 

二、从句的使用

 

从句的使用是提高写作得分很有效的一种手段，雅思写作中主要涉及的从句主要是名词性从句，状语从句和定语从句，朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生既可以单独使用这些从句来组织句子，还可以采用从句套从句的方式来提高句型的复杂度。

 

7. 从句套从句:

 

i. Those who feel that sports stars salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent is very few, and the money is the recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. 宾语从句+定语从句+表语从句

 

ii. This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. 定语从句+状语从句

 

iii. The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. 宾语从句+定语从句

 

iv. But overall, I think that this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career. 宾语从句+非限制性定语从句

 

v. Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because they have good impacts for the majority of people. 名词性从句+状语从句

 

三、倒装句的使用

 

倒装句的使用主要包括否定词位于句首时的倒装，比较句中第2个句子的倒装和虚拟语气条件句中的倒装。

 

i. Not only should the parent spent more time with their children, they should also try to communicate with their children more often.

 

ii. Only in this way can this issue be effectively solved.

 

iii.  Nor a bad environment will make people healthier.

 

iv.  Only in very few regions do the residents have enough water for their daily needs.