一． 回顾全文+观点+展望：

 

这种结尾方式比较适合于双边结构的作文，在这种写法中，我们要注意的是结尾段由三个要素组成，其中第2个要素是必须的 ，但是句子的数量可以是3句也可以是2句甚至1个句子。首先我们来看一个例子：

 

I agree that we need to make sure that animals that are used for testing new products have the minimum of suffering. However, I am convinced that animal testing is necessary, and that it will continue to benefit humans in new and wonderful ways.

 

上面这个例句中，作者将自己的观点隐藏在了一个宾语从句之后，起到了一个欲扬先抑的效果。但是这种效果必须搭配一个展望未来才能起到渲染的效果。我们来对比另外一个例子：

 

In conclusion, physical punishment can be a useful method of discipline. However, it should be the last choice for parents. If we want to build a world with less violence we must begin at home, and we must teach our children to be responsible.

 

大家不难发现，2个句子都使用了相似的衔接方式，即首句委婉地回顾全文，将观点的对立面用"让步"的方式表达出来，同时也是对于主体段观点的回顾。然后再是用转折阐述自己的看法和观点。再用一个对于未来的期望来支撑自己的观点。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，这种顺序安排的优点在于对于文章的主体有很好的总结，但同时观点又是非常鲜明有力的，加上对于未来的润色，使得表达更流畅。用同样的方法，我们再来看第三个例句：

 

To sum up, although there are undoubtedly some problems with increased levels of education, I feel strongly that the country can only progress if all its people are educated to the maximum of their ability.

 

和前2个结尾不同，第三个结尾尽管也是先回顾了全文，但是它将作者的观点和对未来的期望写在了一个条件状语从句里。如此就给出了我们在构造"展望未来"时的一个思路，即搭配条件状语从句或者介宾短语跟在观点句之后。此种结尾发展方式同样适用于分析解决型大作文的结尾段布局，比如：

 

All in all, although the problem of drugs may seem impossible to eliminate, there are concrete steps that can be taken to weaken the hold of drugs on society. The danger from drugs is too great to ignore.

 

对于毒品对社会的危害，作者先是承认现状的无法改变，进而乐观地阐述了自己的观点即采取了切实有效的行动后可以减弱其危害。用毒品的危害性来对未来作展望。换句话说，在社会类分析解决型议论文中，我们在展望未来时可以考虑用强调其长远的影响作为突破口。又如：

 

In short, there are several things that the government can do to allow more people to finish school. However, a number of society attitudes also have to change if the country's people are to achieve their full potential.

 

这个结尾的题目是讨论辍学这一社会现象导致的问题和解决方案的。我们发现使用前面提到的条件状语从句也可以作为这类题材结尾的重要句型。

二． 观点+展望 ：

第2种结尾的思路即将回顾全文部分省略，直接表达观点和意图。这种结尾方式比较适合于纯单边支持的作文，以下我们来看几个例子：

 

It is obvious difficult to restrict the movement of people around the world and it is probably foolish to try to stop it. But attempts should be made to redress the imbalance.

 

关于人才流失的话题，作者在结尾一上来就表达了自己的立场，即无法阻止这个现象。但是进而又对改变这个状况做了期待。我们来对比另外一个例子：

 

All in all, the problem of world poverty cannot be solved by money alone. Nations need to work together on long-term projects, sharing their knowledge and skills so that each person has something valuable to offer their community.

 

上海朗阁校长沈彦建议，在分析解决型题材的结尾中也可以采用这种2要素的结尾方式，如果所剩时间不是很充分的前提下，省略对全文的回顾而直接表达观点也是一种明智的决定。

 

To conclude, it is clear that although numbers of women in the workforce have increased, they are still disadvantaged because they generally put the welfare of others, particularly the family, above financial ambition or promotion.

 

上面例子中，我们发现，其实展望未来这个部分，也可以写成解释原因，因为不是每个题目到都能想出一个合适的未来让你展望的，那么这个时候我们不妨把思路切换成对观点的原因解释，也未尝不是一个好主意。我们再来看看这个例子：

 

To sum up, the richer nations have helped a lot by providing money for poor countries and poorer countries need to not only spend the money for daily use, but also put more money on economic developments, human resource improvements and education advancements, because only by doing so can they change their poor situations.