up to date,update,to date
这三个词看来相似,也有关连,但涵义及用法截然不同。
Up to date(或 up-to-date)是形容词,可作定语或表语,解作“新式的”、“现代的”、“到目前为止的(latest)”。例:
On the outskirts of the city,we saw many up-to-date bungalows.
在市郊,我们看到很多新型的平房。
Bring the ledger up to date.
把近的账目记在账本上。
The exhibition featured many most up-to-date inventions.
展览会的特色是众多的发明品。
Up to date也可用作解“获资讯”,如:
I'll keep you up to date with any news.
我有消息就让你知道。
I am very up to date in terms of economic trends.
我对经济趋势的认识绝不落伍。
Update一般作动词用,也可用作名词,意为“更新”、“使跟上近的发展”,相当于to bring…up to date,如:
His job is to update the ledgers.
他的工作是更新账簿上的账目。
The radio broadcasts news updates every hour.
电台每小时播出新闻。
To date是状语,意为“直至目前为止”(up to the present moment)。用法如下:
Only two have handed in their application forms to date.
到目前为止,只有两个人交来了申请表格。
To date,the government has spent billions of dollars on the project.
至现时,政府已为该项工程花费了数十亿元。
值得留意的是:因为to date是指从以往到现今的一段时间,主句的动词要用完成时态。