地图题写作有别于数据图，构思方面没有数据图那么复杂，只需按照方位合理描写即可;但在语言驾驭，令大家都感到很陌生。所以写好地图题的重点在于读题，我们需要清晰明确的理解所有图标含义,进而确定写作思路;而写作的难点在于怎样准确表达方位，时态运用和句式的变换。地图题分两种，一种为地理变迁题，一种为选址题。

 

　　I.写作思路：

 

　　开头段：简介地图内容+总结可能的总体特征(发展)

　　主体段：按方位顺序描述图表(按照变化或是位置写)，注意方位词的正确使用和衔接

　　结尾段：重申总体特征(可省略)

 

　　II.分类：

 

　　一、地理变迁：

 

　　地理变迁题描述的是一个地方(多为一个城镇)在一段时间的发展变化。

 

　　1. 时态

　　(1)如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。

　　(2)如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。 Be predicted to do / be expected to do

　　(3)如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化，可用现在完成时。

　　e.g.

　　1. 现在停车场改成了一个剧院。

　　The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre.

　　2. 城镇A的家庭数量从1937年到2020年将翻一番。

　　The number of homes in Town A is likely to double.

　　(be likely to = be predicted to / be estimated to/ be projected to/ be expected to )

　　又可为：

　　It is likely that the number of homes in Town A will double.

　　(It is likely that = It is predicted/estimated/projected/ expected that…)

 

　　2. 细节变化

　　地图每个细节变化都要提到，不要忽视一个细节

 

　　3. 语态

　　地图题多用被动语态

　　如： 2000年在城镇A 新建了一个医院：A new hospital was established in Town A in 2000.

 

　　4. 地图题的书写顺序

　　地图题的书写顺序：时间顺序和空间顺序

　　描述一个地区随着时间年份而产生的变化和发展，我们需要按照时间顺序进行描述来展现合理的逻辑顺序。另外，对每一年中地区变化的描述，我们要注意按方位顺序来描述，否则文章会出现混乱。这就需要我们对方位词进行总结。值得注意的是，地图题的方位我们说东西南北，不说成左右。

　　e.g.

　　(1)A 在B 的东方/西方/南方/北方

　　A is / lies / is located / is situated in /on / to the east / west / south / north of B

　　(in 表A 在B 内部， ON 表A 和B接壤，TO 表A 和B 分开)

　　(2)A 在B 内部的某个部位

　　A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B.

　　(3)A在B 西北部的120 千米处

　　A lies 120 kilometers to the northwest of B.

　　(4)A 在B…..角落

　　A is at /in the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示A 在B 外部， in表A 在B 内部)

　　(5)在河流或道路的南边/北边等

　　On the south / southern side of the river

　　On both sides of the road

　　On the other side

　　(6)临近马路的地区

　　The area adjacent to / near / next to/ just off the road

　　(7)在道路或河流的最南端

　　At the southern end of the river

　　(8)A 在B 的对面

　　A is on the opposite side of B

　　A is opposite B

　　(9)A 在B 东部的边界上(A 在B外部)

　　A is on the eastern border of B

　　(10)A 在B 东部边缘上 (A 在B 内部)

　　A is on/ along the eastern edge of B

 

　　5. “变化”词汇

　　地图题描述的是一个地区的变化，那么“变化”词汇必须过关。

　　分析发现，变化包括两种：图形原有事物的改变，图形新添事物。

　　(1)原有事物的改变：

　　→原有事物可说成：

　　The original / previous / former garden

　　→原有事物尺寸上变大/变小：

　　The size of the library has been enlarged / extended / halved / reduced by half

　　→原有事物在数量上增多或减少：

　　The number of homes has increased / risen / grown /reduced / decreased / dropped / fallen / doubled / tripled / quadrupled to 500.

　　→原有事物没了：

　　The farms completely disappeared / were removed.

　　→原有事物被改为：

　　A becomes B

　　A is transformed / reconstructed / redeveloped / converted / changed / turned over to / into B

　　A is replaced / substituted by B = A gives way to B

 

　　(2)新添事物

　　A newly-built road

　　A new car park was built / established / set up / constructed / completed and opened in the middle of B

　　A new IT centre has been added to the library

　　例如：

　　题目：The map below shows the development of the village of Ryemouth between 1995 and present.

 

 

　　Introduction：

　　This report compares how the village of Ryemouth has developed and changed since the year of 1995.

　　Body：

　　As is clearly described in the first picture, Ryemouth was a coastal city which was divided into three parts by two roads. In the southern part, there was a fishing port on the sea, with a fish market located in the north and a coffee shop in the north-east. A block of shops was situated on the opposite side of the market……

　　In the second picture, the village changed a lot. The fishing port has been removed and the fish market is replaced by apartments. Several restaurants also occupy the place of the shops on the roadside. Moreover, a parking lot is newly built on the east of the hotel. In addition, ……

　　Conclusion：

　　Overall, based on the brief description above, it is clear that the general layout of the village does not change a lot, while some newly-built facilities and housing has ornamented the small village.

 

　　二、选址题

 

　　如剑5 TEST 3 TASK 1 The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket. 为一个城镇的超市选址， 有两个位置 S1 和S2 供选择。

　　选址题并不难写，主要注意两点：

　　1. 位置描述

　　2. 优缺点

　　这篇文章我们BODY段可分两段，分别陈述：

　　S1的位置及位置相应的优缺点

　　S2的位置及位置相应的优缺点

　　其中表位置的方位词已在前文有总结

 

 

　　Introduction：

　　The map illustrates two feasible locations for a new supermarket of the city G.

　　Body：

　　S1 lies in the north-west of countryside which is 12km to H. Though s1 is far from B, C and housing, people can still get there by railway and by three main roads. We can establish the parking area and other infrastructure because it has an adequate space.

　　On the contrary, S2 is located in the south of town center where is rounded by the housing. The other three citizens can arrive there simply by the transportation. So it has a large number of clients. However, there is a serious/deadly problem with no traffic zone. That means there is any transportation in the town center. It is not convenient for people to carry heavy goods.

　　Conclusion：

　　Over all, both S1 and S2 are not perfect choice, but S1 offers more advantages than S2 to the population of G.