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雅思听力考试错的最冤的6个细节

2013-10-18 13:44     供稿单位: 新航道    

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细节一:字母大小写

  英文单词首字母是否需要大写是依英语语法规则而定的。

  下面几种情况下单词首字母要求首字母大写:

  1) 专有名词(proper noun), 包括人名,职位头衔,地点,时间,书名,机构名称等。

  如Daniel Defoe, Professor John Smith, 11B Lake Road, September, Fortune Magazine, House of Representatives.

  还有:国籍、种族、宗教、语言、行星;月份、星期、节日,关系称谓;标题,剧本名、电影等须大写。

  但是专有名称里面有小于五个字母的介词或连词则无需大写,

  eg: Romeo and Juliet ; the Library of Congress(国会图书馆)

  2) 每个句子的首单词的首字母要大写,即做主语需要大写。

  3)若题目中范例的字母大写了,相应的答案亦需大写。

  4)字母和数字在一起时,字母必须大写。例如4282-AP.

  5)缩写词都必须大写, 例如“世贸组织”—WTO UK PRC

  注意,凡是字母该大写的而没有大写是要扣分的。

 

  细节二:正确拼写与缩写

  正确拼写(correct spelling):在填写答案时,切忌太随意,一定要仔细拼写正确。如:seminer(错)—seminar(对) tuter (错) — tutor(对)

  在雅思听力常考但容易拼写错误的单词有以下这些:January,February,Wednesday, accommodation, cigarette, cassette, tobacco, separate, communication, committee等。

  另外,英式英语与美式英语的某些单词在拼写上有区别,如:theater(美)---theatre(英), neighbor(美)---neighbour(英),check(美)—cheque(英)等。只要拼写正确,无论哪种拼写方式都可以接受。

  缩写问题:普遍承认的缩写均可使用, 比如 pound¥, dollar $, Euro € 就建议使用缩写符号,am、 pm、 AD 、BC等都可以写成缩写的形式,professor 可以写成pro,但是如果有人名,需要大写成Pro。要注意表示缩写的小点是否标上。

  日期的表达方式,一般只接受两种,如8th August或 August 8th,但月份和星期不要用缩写,即不能8月不能写成Aug。

  特别提示: isn’t ; I’ll ; won't ;they’re 等此类缩写不能出现在雅思答题的卷面上,是会扣分的。

 

  细节三:单复数的判断

  这个细节是很多雅思听力考生认为不值得注意的点,尤其是水平比较高的考生。但是实际上尽管大家都知道,还是有很多考生在这个微不足道的小问题上栽跟头。只要我们留心留意,关于单复数的题目我们是可以经常看到的。

  举例 1:

  Cambridge 5 Test 2 Section3 Question 24

  Listening to British students’

  Language because of:

  normal speed

  large amount of ……………………

  题目中的amount of 是修饰不可数名词,因此我们可以判断此题的答案是单数。

  与此相同修饰不可数名词的还有:plenty of ; a great deal of ; a sum of

  而修饰可数名词的有:a number of; many;

  举例 2:

  Cambridge 4 Test 4 Questions 24 and 26

  Q24: to show how……………grow

  Q26: to teach children about how …………….. is made up

  Q24根据审题判断填名词,空后面是grow是一般现在时态,因此我们可以判定填名词复数。

  Q26 空后面是is,因此很容易判定填名词单数。

 

  细节四:名词复数形式

  1)一些名词常以单数形式出现

  a. 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如: people,police ,cattle,offspring,staff 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle。

  b. 不可数名词,不可以加-s, 如 furniture;sugar; traffic

  2)一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多采集者退散

  例: clothes; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles/glasses眼镜; boots; antibiotics

  3)部分名词单复数同形,如: sheep, deer, salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼,Chinese,Japanese 等。

  4)有些名词复数形式较特殊,如mouse(单)---mice(复),ox(单)---oxen(复),goose (单)---geese(复),datum → data ,index → indices , analysis → analyses ,phenomenon → phenomena, focus → foci

  5)一些名词变复数形式后,意思有变化,如:paper(纸)—papers (论文,报纸),custom(习俗)---customs(海关),goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。

  特别提示:单复数属于语法问题,不能错。雅思考的是常识和语言的应用,单复数问题不仅要通过听来判断,更要靠自己的语法和语感以及对英语语言的积累判断。只有英语语言功底过硬,这个问题上才不会丢分。

 

  细节五:字数限制问题

  明确答题要求(instructions):答题之前,一定要弄清题目要求,这一点至关重要.

  如果题目中提到NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS,考生的答案一旦超过3个词,肯定要被扣分,哪怕是a或the;

  如: a set of dictionaries (错) set of dictionaries (对)

  a three courses lunch (错) a three-course lunch (对)

  而且填空题的字数限制也不再是单一的NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS,有很多题目是以NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS或者是ONE WORD ONLY要求的,所以考生一定要仔细审题,誊写答案之前再次检查字数要求。

  举例:若题目要求 NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS即所写答案不超过三个,且必须以单词形式出现,如果有数字信息不能写阿拉伯数字;如:答案只能是twenty percent。

  NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER即所写答案不超过三个单词,或者以一个阿拉伯数字的形式出现;如:此时正确答案可以是20%,也可以是twenty percent, 但不可以是20 percent,因其将单词和字母混杂在一起了。

  NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER即所写答案有三种可能性:①不超过三个单词。②一个阿拉伯数字。③不超过三个单词及一个数字的混合信息。答案可以是20%, 20 percent或twenty percent。

 

  细节六:易混淆短语辨析

  1) a big time:尽兴,高兴的时刻e.g. I had a big time there.

  the big time:流,级e.g. Don’t worry, you are in the big time now.

  2) according to:按照,根据e.g. They were commended or criticized according to their work.

  according as:随……而定e.g. The thermometer rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold.

  3) admit to:承认e.g. I have to admit to a dislike for modern music.

  admit sb.(in) to:允许某人进入某地或加入某组织、行业e.g. They have admitted me into their club.

  4) all for:完全赞成e.g. I am all for holding a meeting to discuss it.

  for all:尽管e.g. They could not open the box for all their forces.

  5) all in all:总的说来e.g. All in all, it is a success.

  all in:疲倦,筋疲力尽e.g. He was all in, but he stuck it out.

  6) as it is (was):照目前的情况来看e.g. As it is, we shall be able to complete our task in time.

  as it were:可以说,姑且这样说e.g. He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.

  7) as much as:几乎,实际上e.g. By running away he as much as admitted that he had taken the money.

  as much…as:与……一样多e.g. It is as much our responsibility as yours.

  8) as well:也,还是……为好e.g. He gave me advice, and money as well.

  Since you have begun to do it, you may as well finish it.

  as well as:不仅……而且,除……之外e.g. With television, we see a picture as well as hearing sound.

  Small towns as well as big cities are being rapidly industrialized.

  9) at one time从前某个时期e.g. At one time, we met frequently.

  at a time:每次,一次e.g. You can borrow only two books at a time.

  10) attach to:属于,归因于e.g. No blame attaches to him.

  attach oneself to:参加,加入e.g. He attached himself to the group of climbers.

 
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